Contrast clause: A dependent clause that contrasts with the main clause

A contrast clause presents a fact or situation that differs from, limits or makes the main clause unexpected. It is commonly introduced by although, though, even though, while or whereas.

Examples

Although it was late, we continued working.

The clause creates an unexpected contrast with the decision to continue.
Mina enjoys city life, whereas Leo prefers the countryside.

Whereas contrasts two preferences.
Even though the route was longer, it was much safer.

Even though emphasizes a strong contrast with the main result.

Contrast clause vs. contrast phrase

Contrast clause

Although the weather was bad, the event continued.

The structure contains the subject the weather and the verb was.

Contrast phrase

Despite the bad weather, the event continued.

Despite is followed by a noun phrase rather than a finite clause.

Although/even though introduces a clause. Despite/in spite of is followed by a noun phrase or -ing form.

Position and punctuation depend on the structure

A contrast clause can often come before or after the main clause. An opening dependent clause is normally followed by a comma. Whereas and contrastive while frequently join two balanced clauses.

Though the room was small, it felt comfortable.

The opening dependent clause is followed by a comma.
The first plan saves time, while the second reduces cost.

Here while directly contrasts two alternatives.

Common mistakes

Although it was raining, but we went out.

Although it was raining, we went out.

Although already marks the contrast, so but is not added before the main clause.

Despite the weather was bad, the event continued.

Although the weather was bad, the event continued.

Use although before a complete clause. Despite takes a noun phrase or -ing form.

Quick check

Question 1 of 3

Which sentence correctly uses although?

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Definition