Main and dependent clauses
Definition
A main clause can stand as the central clause of a sentence. A dependent clause, also called a subordinate clause, cannot normally stand alone and performs a role within or alongside the main clause.
Examples
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We went home because the shop was closed.
We went home is the main clause.
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We went home because the shop was closed.
The because clause depends on the main clause and gives a reason.
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What she decided surprised everyone.
The dependent clause functions as the subject of the main verb surprised.
Main clause vs. dependent clause
The meeting ended.
The clause expresses a complete central message and can stand alone.
when the meeting ended
The clause introduces time but normally requires a main clause.
Both structures contain a subject and finite verb. The difference is whether the clause can function independently as the central message.
Dependent clauses perform different functions
A dependent clause may act as an adverbial, subject, object, complement or modifier. Its introductory word and position help show its function.
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I left when the meeting ended.
The dependent clause functions as a time adverbial.
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I know that the meeting ended.
The dependent clause functions as the complement of know.
Common mistakes
Because the shop was closed.
We went home because the shop was closed.
A dependent because clause normally needs a main clause to complete the message.
When the meeting ended, and everyone left.
When the meeting ended, everyone left.
The opening dependent clause connects directly to the main clause; an additional and is unnecessary.
Quick check
Question 1 of 3
Which part is the main clause?
We cancelled the picnic is the main clause. The because clause gives the reason.Which expression is a dependent clause?
Although the room was small is introduced as a subordinate contrast clause.Which sentence contains a dependent clause functioning as an object complement of a verb?
That the figures are correct completes the meaning of believe.Nice work — you've completed the quick check.
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