Zero conditional
Definition
The zero conditional describes general truths, repeated results and rules. It normally uses the present simple in both the condition and the result because the relationship is presented as generally true.
if + present simple, ... present simple
Examples
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If you heat ice, it melts.
The result is presented as a general physical fact.
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If I drink coffee late, I sleep badly.
The sentence describes a repeated personal result.
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Plants die if they do not get enough water.
The clause order changes, but the general relationship remains the same.
Zero conditional vs. first conditional
If you press this button, the machine stops.
The sentence describes the machine's regular operation.
If you press this button, the machine will stop.
The sentence predicts the result of one possible future action.
The zero conditional presents a general or repeated result. The first conditional presents a possible result in a particular future situation.
When can replace if for inevitable results
When the result is understood as certain whenever the condition occurs, when often has nearly the same meaning as if.
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When water reaches zero degrees Celsius, it freezes.
When emphasizes that the result occurs every time the condition is met.
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When I work from home, I make lunch at noon.
The sentence describes a regular routine linked to a repeated condition.
Common mistakes
If you will mix blue and yellow, you get green.
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
General truths normally use the present simple in the if clause.
If the alarm rings, the light turn on.
If the alarm rings, the light turns on.
Present-simple subject–verb agreement still applies in both clauses.
Quick check
Question 1 of 3
Which sentence correctly states a general result?
Both clauses use the present simple to express a general truth.Which sentence correctly describes a repeated personal result?
Skip and feel are present-simple forms describing a repeated relationship.Which sentence correctly uses when for an inevitable result?
The present simple in both clauses expresses a regular, predictable result.Nice work — you've completed the quick check.
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