To-infinitive clause
Definition
A to-infinitive clause is a non-finite clause built around to + base verb. It can function as a subject, complement, modifier, or purpose expression, and it may contain its own objects, complements, and adverbials.
Examples
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To finish on time will require careful planning.
The to-infinitive clause functions as the subject.
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Maya hopes to finish on time.
The clause complements the verb hopes.
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We need a quiet place to work.
The clause modifies the noun phrase a quiet place.
Finite clause vs. to-infinitive clause
Maya hopes that she will finish on time.
The clause has an explicit subject and a finite verb.
Maya hopes to finish on time.
The understood subject of finish is Maya.
A finite clause marks tense or modality directly. A to-infinitive clause is non-finite and often relies on the surrounding sentence to identify its subject and time reference.
The subject can be introduced with for
When the infinitive needs an explicit subject different from the surrounding clause, English often uses for + noun phrase + to-infinitive.
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It is important for everyone to arrive on time.
Everyone is the stated subject of arrive.
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We arranged for Maya to collect the keys.
The for phrase identifies who performs the infinitive action.
Common mistakes
Maya hopes finish on time.
Maya hopes to finish on time.
Use to + base verb after hope.
It is important everyone to arrive on time.
It is important for everyone to arrive on time.
Use for before an explicit infinitive-clause subject.
Quick check
Question 1 of 3
Which expression is a to-infinitive clause?
The clause is built around to + base verb.Which sentence has a to-infinitive clause as its subject?
To travel alone occupies the subject position.Which sentence correctly states the infinitive's subject?
Use for + noun phrase + to-infinitive.Nice work — you've completed the quick check.
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