If-clause
Definition
An if-clause states a condition under which another situation is true, possible, imagined or counterfactual. It combines with a main clause, and its verb form depends on the type of conditional meaning.
Examples
-
If you need help, call me.
The clause states a real condition connected to an instruction.
-
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay inside.
The present form in the if-clause refers to a possible future condition.
-
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
The past form presents an unreal or unlikely present condition.
Condition clause vs. result clause
If the shop is open, we will buy some bread.
The if-clause states the condition.
If the shop is open, we will buy some bread.
The main clause states what will happen if the condition is met.
The if-clause provides the condition; the main clause provides the consequence or result.
The clause order can usually change
An if-clause can often come before or after the main clause. A comma normally follows an opening if-clause, but a final if-clause usually needs no comma.
-
If you see Maya, give her this note.
The opening condition is followed by a comma.
-
Give Maya this note if you see her.
The final condition normally appears without a comma.
Common mistakes
If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay inside.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay inside.
In an ordinary first conditional, use the present form in the if-clause.
If I would know the answer, I would tell you.
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
In a second conditional, the if-clause normally uses a past form, not would.
Quick check
Question 1 of 3
Which first-conditional if-clause is correct?
Use a present form in the if-clause for an ordinary possible future condition.Which sentence correctly presents an unreal present condition?
A second conditional normally uses a past form in the if-clause and would + base verb in the result.Which sentence uses punctuation naturally?
An opening if-clause is normally followed by a comma.Nice work — you've completed the quick check.
It's free. No ads. No credit card.