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Reading Worksheet

A Life in Science

B1 Present Perfect vs Past Simple Science and Achievement 25 minutes
Before You Read

Discuss these questions with a partner before you read.

  • Can you think of a famous scientist? What do you know about them?
  • What subjects did you study at school? Which did you enjoy most?
  • Is it important for countries to invest in scientific research? Why / why not?
  • What do you think motivates people to spend their lives doing scientific research?
Key Vocabulary
Word Definition Example
material (n.) a substance used to make things She has developed new materials for solar panels.
publish (v.) to make a piece of writing available for people to read She has published over 80 scientific papers.
collaborate (v.) to work with others on a shared project She has collaborated with scientists around the world.
supervisor (n.) a person who oversees another's work or studies She has supervised 25 PhD students throughout her career.
award (n.) a prize given for achievement She received her first major award in 2015.
breakthrough (n.) an important discovery or development Her 2019 paper was considered a scientific breakthrough.
Reading Text

A Life in Science

Dr Amina Nkrumah is one of the most respected materials scientists working in Europe today. Originally from Accra, Ghana, she is now 52 years old and holds a professorship at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands. Over the course of a remarkable career, she has changed the way scientists think about energy-efficient materials.

Dr Nkrumah grew up in Accra and showed an early passion for chemistry. She completed her PhD at the University of Ghana in 1998, then spent four years doing postdoctoral research in Germany. In 2002, she joined a research group in the Netherlands, and in 2012 she received her professorship — recognition of more than a decade of outstanding work.

Throughout her career, Dr Nkrumah has developed three new materials that are now used in commercial solar panels. She has published over 80 peer-reviewed scientific papers, making her one of the most cited researchers in her field. Her work has attracted international attention and she has collaborated with scientists on four continents.

In 2015, she won her first major prize at a ceremony in Stockholm — the Brandt Prize for Materials Innovation. She published her most important paper, on ultra-thin conductive films, in 2019. Many experts considered it a genuine scientific breakthrough. In 2021, she moved to a new, larger laboratory specifically built for her research team.

Dr Nkrumah has also supervised 25 PhD students over the course of her career, several of whom have gone on to lead their own research groups. 'Passing on knowledge is as important as creating it,' she says.

Today, she continues to push the boundaries of what is possible. She has not yet found a solution to the problem she says is the most important of her career — but she is confident she will.

Notice the Grammar

Look back at the article. Find four sentences with the present perfect (have/has + past participle) and four sentences with the past simple. Write them below. Then discuss with a partner: what is different about the two groups of sentences? Do any of the past simple sentences have a specific time or date?

1 Reading for Gist

Answer these questions in a few words.

  1. Where is Dr Nkrumah from originally?
  2. Where does she work now?
  3. What is her main area of scientific work?
2 Reading for Detail

Answer these questions. Write short answers.

  1. When did Dr Nkrumah complete her PhD?
  2. How many scientific papers has she published?
  3. How many PhD students has she supervised during her career?
  4. What did she receive in 2015 at a ceremony in Stockholm?  a) Her professorship. b) The Brandt Prize for Materials Innovation. c) A government research grant. 
  5. What does Dr Nkrumah say about passing on knowledge to students?
3 True, False, or Not Given

Write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given). Use only information from the article.

  1. Dr Nkrumah received her professorship in 2012.
  2. Dr Nkrumah completed her PhD in Germany.
  3. Dr Nkrumah has won more than three international prizes.
  4. Dr Nkrumah has collaborated with scientists from more than one country.
  5. Dr Nkrumah's 2019 paper focused on ultra-thin conductive films.
4 Vocabulary in Context

Answer these questions about words and phrases in the article.

  1. In paragraph 3, what does 'collaborate' mean?  a) To compete against other scientists. b) To work with others on a shared project. c) To publish a scientific paper. 
  2. In paragraph 4, the article describes Dr Nkrumah's 2019 paper as 'a genuine scientific breakthrough'. What does this suggest about the paper?
  3. Find a word in paragraph 3 that means 'to make a piece of writing available for people to read'. Write it here. 
  4. What does 'supervised' mean in paragraph 5? Write your own definition.
5 Grammar in Context

Complete these activities. Go back to the article.

  1. Find two sentences in the article that use the PRESENT PERFECT and two that use the PAST SIMPLE. Write all four.
    a) Present perfect:  b) Present perfect:  c) Past simple:  d) Past simple: 
  2. In the article: 'She has won two international prizes.' and 'In 2015, she won her first major prize.' Why is a different tense used in each sentence?
  3. Which sentence is more natural in a magazine article about a living scientist's career?  a) She wrote 80 papers over her career. b) She has published 80 papers over her career. c) She is publishing 80 papers over her career. 
  4. Decide whether each gap needs the present perfect or past simple: (a) She ___ (move) to the Netherlands in 2002. (b) Throughout her career, she ___ (develop) three new materials. (c) She ___ (receive) her professorship in 2012.
  5. Write two sentences about a person you admire. Use the present perfect for their overall achievements and the past simple for one specific event.
Personal Response — Discuss with a partner

Discuss these questions with a partner. Then share one idea with the class.

  1. Dr Nkrumah says 'passing on knowledge is as important as creating it'. Do you agree? Why / why not?
  2. Dr Nkrumah left her home country to build her career. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in a different country?
  3. Think of a person you admire — in any field. What have they achieved? Why do you find them inspiring?

Answer Key

A Life in Science — B1 — Present Perfect vs Past Simple

Exercise 1 — Reading for Gist

  1. Ghana (Accra, Ghana).
  2. At the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands.
  3. Materials science — specifically energy-efficient / conductive materials (used in solar panels).

Exercise 2 — Reading for Detail

  1. In 1998.
  2. Over 80.
  3. 25.
  4. b)
  5. She says passing on knowledge is as important as creating it.

Exercise 3 — True, False, or Not Given

  1. T — Para. 2: 'In 2012 she received her professorship.'
  2. F — Para. 2: She completed her PhD at the University of Ghana — she went to Germany for postdoctoral research.
  3. NG — The article mentions one prize (2015) but does not give a total number of prizes.
  4. T — Para. 3: 'She has collaborated with scientists on four continents.'
  5. T — Para. 4: 'She published her most important paper, on ultra-thin conductive films, in 2019.'

Exercise 4 — Vocabulary in Context

  1. b)
  2. It was an important, significant discovery — something new and impressive that advanced knowledge in the field.
  3. published
  4. To oversee or guide someone's work or studies — to be responsible for helping a student complete their research.

Exercise 5 — Grammar in Context

  1. PP examples: 'She has developed three new materials...' / 'She has published over 80 papers.' / 'She has collaborated with scientists on four continents.' PS examples: 'She completed her PhD in 1998.' / 'In 2015, she won her first major prize...' / 'She published her most important paper in 2019.' / 'In 2012 she received her professorship.'
  2. First sentence: present perfect — career overview, no specific time given, the achievement is still part of her career now. Second sentence: past simple — a specific time is given (2015), making it a completed event at a fixed point in the past.
  3. b)
  4. (a) moved — past simple (specific year 2002) (b) has developed — present perfect (career overview, no specific time) (c) received — past simple (specific year 2012)
  5. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Check: present perfect for general achievements (no specific time), past simple for a specific event

Notice the Grammar — suggested answers

Accept any five correct examples from the article that use the target grammar. Students should be able to explain why the grammar is used in each case.

Personal Response

Answers will vary. This section is for spoken discussion or short written response. There are no single correct answers.