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Reading Worksheet

Saved at Sea

B1 Past Perfect: Prior Circumstances Adventure and Rescue 25 minutes
Before You Read

Discuss these questions with a partner before you read.

  • Have you ever been sailing or on a boat at sea? What was it like?
  • What do you think are the biggest dangers of sailing in open water?
  • If you were stranded on a boat at sea with no engine, what would you do first?
  • What jobs do coastguards and sea rescue teams do? Why are they important?
Key Vocabulary
Word Definition Example
coastguard (n.) an organisation responsible for rescuing people at sea and protecting the coastline The coastguard received the distress signal and responded immediately.
flare (n.) a device that produces a very bright light or flame, used as an emergency signal The crew had used their last emergency flare two hours before rescue arrived.
drift (v.) to be carried slowly along by water or wind with no control over direction The boat had drifted 20 kilometres off course.
distress (n.) a state of serious danger or difficulty that requires immediate help They managed to send a distress message before the radio failed.
dispatch (v.) to send someone or something to a place for a specific purpose The coastguard had dispatched a rescue vessel within minutes of receiving the signal.
antenna (n.) a device used for sending or receiving radio or electronic signals The storm had damaged the radio antenna, cutting off their communications.
Reading Text

Saved at Sea

A sailing boat and its crew of three were rescued in the Irish Sea on Tuesday evening after fourteen hours adrift in deteriorating conditions. The vessel, the Cormorant, was located by a coastguard rescue ship approximately 35 kilometres west of the Welsh coast. All three crew members were unharmed and were taken to Milford Haven for medical checks as a precaution.

When the coastguard vessel reached the Cormorant, the situation on board was serious. The engine had broken down twelve hours earlier, leaving the boat with no means of propulsion. A storm, which had passed through the area overnight, had damaged the radio antenna, making normal communication impossible. The crew had been left with only a handheld emergency beacon and two flares.

By the time the rescue team arrived, the crew had already used both flares — one in the early morning and one approximately two hours before the rescue ship appeared. They had also run out of food the previous day. The boat had drifted more than 20 kilometres off its planned course, carried eastward by the tidal current. One crew member, experienced sailor Rhian Davies, 47, had managed to transmit a single short distress message just before the radio failed completely. The coastguard station at Holyhead had received the signal and had dispatched the rescue vessel within fifteen minutes.

"By the time we spotted them, they had been drifting for fourteen hours," said coastguard officer Martin Farrell. "Conditions were not ideal, but they had done everything right. They had stayed with the boat, they had used their signals well, and they had kept calm."

An investigation into the cause of the engine failure is expected to begin next week.

Notice the Grammar

Look back at the article. Find five sentences that use 'had + past participle' (the past perfect). Write them below. Then discuss: all these past perfect events happened BEFORE the rescue. Why is it important for the reader to know about them?

1 Reading for Gist

Answer these questions in a few words.

  1. What happened to the Cormorant and its crew?
  2. How many people were on board the Cormorant?
  3. Were the crew members hurt?
2 Reading for Detail

Write short answers based on the article.

  1. How long had the Cormorant been adrift when it was rescued?
  2. Why was the crew unable to use the radio to call for help?
  3. How far had the boat drifted from its planned course?
  4. How did the coastguard find the Cormorant?  a) A passing ship spotted the boat and raised the alarm. b) A crew member had sent a distress message before the radio failed completely. c) The coastguard had been tracking the boat's GPS signal throughout. 
  5. According to coastguard officer Martin Farrell, what had the crew done correctly?
3 True, False, or Not Given

Write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given) for each statement.

  1. The Cormorant's engine had broken down twelve hours before the rescue.
  2. The crew still had one flare remaining when the rescue ship arrived.
  3. The Cormorant had a crew of three people, all of whom were experienced sailors.
  4. The coastguard dispatched a rescue vessel within fifteen minutes of receiving the distress signal.
  5. The cause of the engine failure is already known.
4 Vocabulary in Context

Answer these questions about words and phrases used in the article.

  1. In paragraph 1, what does 'deteriorating conditions' mean?  a) Conditions that were getting better as the day went on. b) Conditions that were getting worse — more dangerous or difficult. c) Conditions that were very calm and suitable for sailing. 
  2. In paragraph 3, the article says the boat 'had drifted' off course. What does this tell us about how the boat moved?
  3. Find a word in paragraph 2 that means 'movement forward' or 'the ability to move forward'. 
  4. In paragraph 4, officer Farrell says the crew 'had done everything right'. What does this mean in context? Write your own explanation.
5 Grammar in Context

Complete these activities about the past perfect.

  1. Find five past perfect verbs (had + past participle) in the article. Write the complete sentences here.
    a)  b)  c)  d)  e) 
  2. The rescue happened on Tuesday evening. Were all the past perfect events BEFORE or AFTER this moment?
  3. Choose the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect: 'When the coastguard arrived, the crew ___'  a) used their last flare. b) had used their last flare. c) was using their last flare. 
  4. Combine these two events using the past perfect: 'The engine broke down.' + 'The coastguard arrived twelve hours later.' → 'By the time the coastguard arrived, the engine ___'
  5. Think of an emergency situation — real or imagined. Write 2-3 sentences about what had already happened before help arrived. Use the past perfect.
Personal Response — Discuss with a partner

Discuss these questions with a partner. Share one idea with the class.

  1. The coastguard officer praised the crew for staying calm and doing everything correctly. Do you think you would be able to stay calm in a dangerous situation at sea? What would be the hardest part?
  2. The crew had only one chance to send a distress signal before the radio failed. How important do you think communication technology is for safety at sea — and in other dangerous situations?
  3. Have you ever been in a situation where something went wrong unexpectedly and you had to stay calm and think quickly? What happened?

Answer Key

Saved at Sea — B1 — Past Perfect: Prior Circumstances

Exercise 1 — Reading for Gist

  1. They were stranded / adrift at sea and were rescued by the coastguard.
  2. Three.
  3. No. They were unharmed / taken for medical checks as a precaution.

Exercise 2 — Reading for Detail

  1. Fourteen hours.
  2. The storm had damaged the radio antenna.
  3. More than 20 kilometres.
  4. b)
  5. They had stayed with the boat, used their signals well, and kept calm.

Exercise 3 — True, False, or Not Given

  1. T — Para. 2: 'The engine had broken down twelve hours earlier.'
  2. F — Para. 3: 'the crew had already used both flares' before the rescue ship appeared.
  3. NG — The article mentions one experienced sailor — Rhian Davies — but does not describe the experience level of the other two crew members.
  4. T — Para. 3: 'The coastguard station at Holyhead had received the signal and had dispatched the rescue vessel within fifteen minutes.'
  5. F — Para. 5: 'An investigation into the cause of the engine failure is expected to begin next week' — it has not been determined yet.

Exercise 4 — Vocabulary in Context

  1. b)
  2. The boat moved passively — carried by the current, with no engine and no control over its direction.
  3. propulsion
  4. The crew had followed the correct emergency procedures — they stayed with the boat, used their signals at the right time, and remained calm despite the danger.

Exercise 5 — Grammar in Context

  1. Any five 'had + past participle' sentences from the article, e.g. 'The engine had broken down twelve hours earlier.' / 'A storm had damaged the radio antenna.' / 'The crew had already used both flares.' / 'They had also run out of food the previous day.' / 'The boat had drifted more than 20 kilometres off its planned course.' / 'Rhian Davies had managed to transmit a single short distress message.' / 'The coastguard station had received the signal.' / 'The coastguard had dispatched the rescue vessel within fifteen minutes.' / 'They had been drifting for fourteen hours.' / 'They had stayed with the boat.' / 'They had used their signals well.' / 'They had kept calm.'
  2. All the past perfect events happened BEFORE the rescue — they describe the situation and everything that had gone wrong before the coastguard arrived. The past perfect shows the earlier layer of the story.
  3. b)
  4. By the time the coastguard arrived, the engine had already broken down twelve hours earlier.
  5. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Check: past perfect for prior events, past simple for the main event. Look for time expressions such

Notice the Grammar — suggested answers

Accept any five correct examples from the article that use the target grammar. Students should be able to explain why the grammar is used in each case.

Personal Response

Answers will vary. This section is for spoken discussion or short written response. There are no single correct answers.