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Reading Worksheet

Years in the Making

B2 Past Perfect Continuous: Long-Term Preparation Sport and Ambition 30 minutes
Before You Read

Discuss these questions with a partner before you read.

  • Can you think of a sport or skill that requires many years of training before someone reaches the top level?
  • What do you think motivates young athletes to train so hard from such an early age?
  • Have you ever worked towards something for a long time? How did it feel when you finally reached your goal?
  • Do you think it is worth sacrificing a normal childhood to become a professional athlete?
Key Vocabulary
Word Definition Example
dedication (n.) commitment of time and energy to a goal Her dedication had been total since childhood.
routine (n.) a set sequence of moves in gymnastics She had been practising her floor routine for months.
strain (n.) injury or stress caused by overuse Her body had been showing the strain of intense training.
personal best (n.) an athlete's best ever result Her score of 14.6 was a personal best.
sacrifice (n.) giving up something valuable for something else Her family had been making sacrifices for years.
execute (v.) to perform a movement with skill and precision She executed her final move perfectly.
Reading Text

Years in the Making

When Sofía Reyes stepped onto the competition floor at the Pan American Junior Gymnastics Championships, she was nineteen years old. For the Mexican athlete, it was the most important competition of her life so far. But the moment itself was only the final point in a journey that had been building for over a decade.

Sofía had been training since she was six years old. By the time the championship arrived, she had been working with her current coach, Eduardo Fuentes, for four years. In the two years leading up to the competition, she had been spending thirty-five hours a week in the gymnasium — more than most professional athletes. Her dedication had been extraordinary, but it had come at a cost.

In the months before the championships, Sofía had been practising her floor routine more than five hundred times. She knew every movement, every transition, every landing. But her body had been showing the strain of years of intense training. For the six weeks before the competition, she had been treating a knee injury — managing it carefully so that she could still compete. Her family had been travelling to competitions with her since she was ten, and they had been quietly supporting her through every setback.

On the day of the competition, Sofía performed in near silence. The crowd watched without breathing. She moved through her routine with the precision of someone who had been preparing for this moment her entire life. On her final landing, she stuck it perfectly. The crowd erupted. Her score — 14.6 — was a personal best.

Afterwards, Eduardo Fuentes spoke to journalists. "People see the performance," he said. "They don't see what came before it. By the time Sofía stepped on that mat, she had been dedicating her life to that single moment for thirteen years. That's what you saw today — thirteen years of work in ninety seconds."

Notice the Grammar

Look back at the article. Find three sentences with 'had been + -ing'. Underline them. What past moment is each action connected to — what had been happening before WHAT?

1 Reading for Gist

Answer each question in a few words.

  1. Who is the article about?
  2. What was the competition described in the article?
  3. What is the main idea of the final paragraph?
2 Reading for Detail

Write short answers based on the article.

  1. How long had Sofía been working with her coach Eduardo Fuentes before the championship?
  2. How many hours a week had she been spending in the gym in the two years before the competition?
  3. What physical problem had Sofía been dealing with in the weeks before the competition?
  4. What was Sofía's score, and why was it significant?  a) 14.6 — it was an average score for her level. b) 14.6 — it was a personal best. c) 14.0 — it was her lowest score. 
  5. How long does Sofía's floor routine last, according to her coach?
3 True, False, or Not Given

Write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given) for each statement.

  1. Sofía had been training as a gymnast since she was six years old.
  2. Sofía had been working with Eduardo Fuentes since she was a child.
  3. Sofía had won the Pan American Junior Championships before.
  4. Her family had been travelling to competitions with Sofía since she was ten.
  5. Sofía fell on her final landing during the competition.
4 Vocabulary in Context

Answer these questions about vocabulary from the article.

  1. In paragraph 3, 'her body had been showing the strain'. What does 'strain' mean here?  a) strength built up through training b) physical stress or damage caused by overuse c) the pressure of performing in public 
  2. In the final paragraph, the coach says 'People see the performance. They don't see what came before it.' What is he saying about the public's understanding of elite sport?
  3. Find a word in paragraph 4 that means 'great accuracy and care in performing movements'. 
  4. The article says Sofía's dedication 'had come at a cost'. In your own words, what do you think this means?
5 Grammar in Context

Complete these activities about the past perfect continuous.

  1. Find five past perfect continuous sentences in the article. Write them.
    a)  b)  c)  d)  e) 
  2. In the sentence 'By the competition, she had been working with her coach for four years', what does 'by the competition' tell us?
  3. Which sentence correctly uses the past perfect continuous?  a) She has been training since she was six. b) She had been training since she was six. c) She was training since she was six. 
  4. Rewrite using past perfect continuous: (a) 'She trained for 13 years. Then the competition happened.' (b) 'She treated her knee for six weeks. Then the big day came.'
  5. Write 2–3 sentences about something someone had been doing for a long time before an important moment. Use past perfect continuous.
Personal Response — Discuss with a partner

Discuss with a partner. Share one idea with the class.

  1. Eduardo Fuentes says thirteen years of work led to ninety seconds of performance. Do you think that balance is worth it? Would you make the same sacrifices for something you love?
  2. Sofía had been training since she was six. Do you think it is a good idea to start training so young? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
  3. Think of someone — a sportsperson, musician, or other performer — who has worked for many years to achieve something. What had they been doing to prepare? Would you describe their story as inspiring?

Answer Key

Years in the Making — B2 — Past Perfect Continuous: Long-Term Preparation

Exercise 1 — Reading for Gist

  1. Sofía Reyes, a nineteen-year-old Mexican gymnast.
  2. The Pan American Junior Gymnastics Championships.
  3. Her coach explains that the performance was the result of thirteen years of continuous dedication and preparation.

Exercise 2 — Reading for Detail

  1. Four years.
  2. Thirty-five hours a week.
  3. A knee injury — she had been treating it for six weeks.
  4. b)
  5. Ninety seconds.

Exercise 3 — True, False, or Not Given

  1. T — Para. 2: 'Sofía had been training since she was six years old.'
  2. F — Para. 2: She had been working with him for four years — she was 19 at the competition, so she began with him at around 15.
  3. NG — The article does not mention any previous championship results.
  4. T — Para. 3: 'Her family had been travelling to competitions with her since she was ten.'
  5. F — Para. 4: 'On her final landing, she stuck it perfectly.'

Exercise 4 — Vocabulary in Context

  1. b)
  2. That audiences only see the final result, not the years of work and sacrifice that made it possible.
  3. precision
  4. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. e.g. Her hard work and commitment meant she had to give up other things — a normal social life, her

Exercise 5 — Grammar in Context

  1. Any five 'had been + -ing' sentences from the article, e.g. 'Sofía had been training since she was six years old.' / 'She had been working with her current coach for four years.' / 'She had been spending thirty-five hours a week in the gymnasium.' / 'She had been practising her floor routine more than five hundred times.' / 'Her body had been showing the strain.' / 'She had been treating a knee injury.' / 'Her family had been travelling to competitions with her since she was ten.' / 'She had been dedicating her life to that single moment for thirteen years.'
  2. It tells us the reference point — the competition is the moment in the past we are measuring up to. The four years of work happened continuously BEFORE that moment.
  3. b)
  4. (a) She had been training for 13 years before the competition. (b) She had been treating her knee for six weeks when the competition arrived.
  5. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Check for: had been + -ing + for/since. There should be a clear reference to a past moment. e.g. 'By

Notice the Grammar — suggested answers

Accept any five correct examples from the article that use the target grammar. Students should be able to explain why the grammar is used in each case.

Personal Response

Answers will vary. This section is for spoken discussion or short written response. There are no single correct answers.