Reading Worksheet ⇆ Set printer to double-sided before printing
Reading Worksheet

Unexplained

B1 Modals of Possibility: may, might, could (present and past speculation) Mysteries and the Unknown 25 minutes
Before You Read

Discuss these questions with a partner before you read.

  • Do you enjoy mystery stories, films, or puzzles? Why or why not?
  • Have you heard of the Bermuda Triangle or the Nazca Lines before? What do you know about them?
  • Why do you think people find unsolved mysteries so fascinating?
  • What is a local mystery or legend from your country that you know?
Key Vocabulary
Word Definition Example
carved (adj.) cut into a hard surface to make a shape or pattern The name of the explorer was carved into the stone wall.
manuscript (n.) an old handwritten document or book The library kept a 15th-century manuscript behind glass to protect it.
decode (v.) to find the meaning of something written in a code or unknown language Experts have been trying to decode the ancient symbols for years.
hoax (n.) something created to trick or deceive people The photograph of the 'sea monster' turned out to be a hoax.
magnetic (adj.) having the properties of a magnet; attracting certain metals The compass stopped working because of a strong magnetic field nearby.
illustration (n.) a picture or drawing in a book or document The children's book was full of colourful illustrations.
Reading Text

Unexplained

Some questions have no answers — at least not yet. Around the world, there are places, objects, and events that science has never fully explained. Here are three of the most famous.

The Nazca Lines, Peru. In the Nazca Desert in southern Peru, enormous drawings are carved into the ground. The shapes — animals, plants, and geometric patterns — are so large that they can only be seen clearly from the air. Nobody knows who made them or why. They might have been created for religious reasons, as offerings to the gods. They could have served as a kind of calendar, marking the seasons. Some researchers think they may simply be a form of art — an expression of culture and identity. Whatever the reason, nobody can explain why the makers chose a design visible only from above.

The Bermuda Triangle. For decades, ships and planes have disappeared in the area of ocean between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Some people believe there is a supernatural explanation. Scientists, however, think events in the Bermuda Triangle could have a much simpler cause. The area may have unusual magnetic fields that affect navigation. The disappearances might simply be the result of powerful storms and poor historical record-keeping. The mystery may not be as strange as it first seems.

The Voynich Manuscript. In 1912, a bookseller in Rome discovered a book written in a completely unknown language, filled with strange illustrations of plants, stars, and human figures. It is called the Voynich Manuscript. Nobody has ever decoded it. It might be a medical text from the medieval period. It could have been written in a secret code that has never been broken. Some researchers believe it may have been created as a hoax. Or it might be a real language that no longer exists anywhere on Earth.

Mysteries may never be fully solved. But the questions themselves might be just as valuable as the answers.

Notice the Grammar

Look at paragraph 2 (The Nazca Lines). Find two sentences that use 'might have', 'could have', or 'may have'. Write them down. What tense comes after 'have'? What do you think these sentences are doing — talking about the past or the present?

1 Reading for Gist

Answer each question in a few words.

  1. How many mysteries does the article describe?
  2. What do the three mysteries have in common?
  3. What idea does the article end with?
2 Reading for Detail

Write short answers based on the article.

  1. Why are the Nazca Lines unusual to look at?
  2. What scientific explanation does the article give for the Bermuda Triangle disappearances?
  3. When was the Voynich Manuscript discovered, and where?
  4. What does the Voynich Manuscript look like?  a) A book written in Latin with drawings of ships. b) A book in an unknown language with illustrations of plants, stars, and human figures. c) A sealed chest found under the sea. 
  5. Give one reason a scientist might not believe in a supernatural explanation for the Bermuda Triangle.
3 True, False, or Not Given

Write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given) for each statement.

  1. The Nazca Lines are located in southern Peru.
  2. All scientists agree the Bermuda Triangle has a supernatural explanation.
  3. The Voynich Manuscript is kept in a museum in Rome.
  4. Nobody has ever successfully decoded the Voynich Manuscript.
  5. The Nazca Lines were definitely created for religious reasons.
4 Vocabulary in Context

Answer these questions about words from the article.

  1. In paragraph 2, 'carved' most closely means...  a) painted onto a surface with bright colours. b) cut into a hard surface to make a shape. c) photographed from a great height. 
  2. In paragraph 4, the article says the manuscript might be 'a real language that no longer exists anywhere on Earth'. What does this mean?
  3. Find a word in paragraph 4 that means 'something designed to trick or deceive people'. 
  4. What does 'decoded' mean in paragraph 4? Write your own definition using the context of the article.
5 Grammar in Context

Complete these activities about present and past modals of possibility.

  1. Find examples of both types of modal of possibility in the article. Write them below. (a) Two present or future possibility sentences (may/might/could + base infinitive). (b) Two past possibility sentences (may/might/could + have + past participle).
    a) Present/future (x2):  b) Past (x2): 
  2. What is the difference in meaning between 'It might be a medical text' and 'It might have been written in a secret code'?
  3. Choose the correct past possibility sentence:  a) The lines might created for religious reasons. b) The lines might have been created for religious reasons. c) The lines might be created for religious reasons. 
  4. Complete each sentence with a past modal of possibility. Use may have been, might have been, or could have been. (a) The Nazca Lines were possibly made as offerings to the gods. → The lines ___ made as offerings to the gods. (b) The manuscript was possibly written in a secret code. → It ___ written in a secret code.
  5. Choose a mystery from the article or one you know. Write three sentences about it: - Use may, might, or could for present speculation (what it IS / what it MEANS now). - Use may have, might have, or could have for past speculation (what HAPPENED in the past). Write at least one of each type.
Personal Response — Discuss with a partner

Discuss with a partner. Share one idea with the class.

  1. Which of the three mysteries in the article do you find most fascinating, and why?
  2. Do you think all mysteries will eventually be solved by science? Or are some things impossible to explain?
  3. Is there a mystery or legend from your country or region? Tell your partner about it and speculate about what it might mean.

Answer Key

Unexplained — B1 — Modals of Possibility: may, might, could (present and past speculation)

Exercise 1 — Reading for Gist

  1. Three.
  2. They are all unexplained — nobody knows the full answer / they have no confirmed scientific explanation.
  3. That mysteries may never be solved, but the questions might be just as valuable as the answers.

Exercise 2 — Reading for Detail

  1. They are so large they can only be seen clearly from the air.
  2. The area may have unusual magnetic fields that affect navigation, and the disappearances might be the result of storms and poor historical record-keeping.
  3. In 1912, in Rome.
  4. b)
  5. The area may have unusual magnetic fields / disappearances might be the result of storms and poor record-keeping — ordinary explanations exist.

Exercise 3 — True, False, or Not Given

  1. T — Paragraph 2: 'In the Nazca Desert in southern Peru.'
  2. F — The article says 'Scientists, however, think events in the Bermuda Triangle could have a much simpler cause' — they do not believe in a supernatural explanation.
  3. NG — The article says it was discovered by a bookseller in Rome in 1912, but does not say where it is kept now.
  4. T — Paragraph 4: 'Nobody has ever decoded it.'
  5. F — The article says they 'might have been created for religious reasons' — this is speculation, not a confirmed fact.

Exercise 4 — Vocabulary in Context

  1. b)
  2. It could be a language that people used in the past but is now completely extinct — nobody speaks or understands it anymore.
  3. hoax
  4. To find the meaning of something written in an unknown or secret language — to translate or understand it for the first time.

Exercise 5 — Grammar in Context

  1. (a) Present/future examples, e.g.: 'The mystery may not be as strange as it first seems.' / 'It might be a real language that no longer exists.' / 'Mysteries may never be fully solved.' (b) Past examples, e.g.: 'They might have been created for religious reasons.' / 'They could have served as a kind of calendar.' / 'It could have been written in a secret code.' / 'It may have been created as a hoax.'
  2. 'Might be' = present speculation about what the manuscript IS now. 'Might have been written' = past speculation about what happened in the past — how it was created. The first is about its current identity; the second is about a past action.
  3. b)
  4. (a) The lines may have been / might have been / could have been made as offerings to the gods. (b) It may have been / might have been / could have been written in a secret code.
  5. Answers will vary. Check: may/might/could + base infinitive for present speculation; may/might/could + have + past participle for past spec

Notice the Grammar — suggested answers

Accept any five correct examples from the article that use the target grammar. Students should be able to explain why the grammar is used in each case.

Personal Response

Answers will vary. This section is for spoken discussion or short written response. There are no single correct answers.