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Reading Worksheet

Getting the Job

B1 Modals of Advice: should, ought to, had better (and should have) Careers and Interviews 25 minutes
Before You Read

Discuss these questions with a partner before you read.

  • Have you ever had a job interview? How did it go?
  • What do you think is the most important thing to do before a job interview?
  • What is the worst thing you could do in a job interview?
  • Do you think interviews are the best way to choose the right person for a job? Why or why not?
Key Vocabulary
Word Definition Example
CV (n.) a document listing a person's education, experience, and skills, used when applying for a job You should bring a printed copy of your CV to the interview.
maintain (v.) to keep something at the same level or in the same condition You ought to maintain eye contact during the interview — it shows confidence.
memorise (v.) to learn something so well that you can remember it exactly without looking at it You shouldn't memorise a script — it sounds unnatural.
employer (n.) a person or company that pays someone to work for them You should never make negative comments about a previous employer in an interview.
recover (v.) to return to a good position after a setback or difficulty Arriving late to an interview is very hard to recover from.
reflect (v.) to think carefully and seriously about something that has happened After an interview, you ought to reflect on what went well and what you could improve.
Reading Text

Getting the Job: How to Succeed in Interviews

Job interviews are stressful for almost everyone. But with the right preparation, you can walk in feeling confident. Here is what careers experts say you should — and shouldn't — do.

Before the interview, you ought to research the company thoroughly — not just the website, but recent news and any projects they are involved in. You should prepare examples from your experience that show your key skills. You shouldn't memorise a complete script, but you should know your CV well so you can talk about it naturally. You had better check the location the day before — arriving late is very hard to recover from, and the first impression is extremely important.

During the interview, you should maintain eye contact without staring — it shows that you are confident and engaged. You ought to listen carefully to each question before you begin your answer. One thing you should never do is make negative comments about a previous employer — interviewers notice this and it creates a poor impression. You should also ask at least one thoughtful question at the end. It shows genuine interest. And finally, you had better turn your phone off completely before you go in — a ringing phone is one of the worst things that can happen.

After the interview, you should send a short thank-you email within 24 hours. You ought to reflect on the experience — what went well, what you would do differently. If you haven't heard back within a week, you should follow up politely with a short email. But you had better not contact them more than twice — it can seem pushy.

What about people who didn't get the job? Leila, 29, tells us: "I should have prepared more examples of my problem-solving skills. And I shouldn't have talked so much in my first answer — I lost focus. Next time, I'll do it differently."

Notice the Grammar

Look at these sentences: 'You should research the company.' / 'You ought to listen carefully.' / 'You had better check the location.' / 'I should have prepared more examples.' What is the difference between these sentences? Which is the strongest advice? Which talks about the past?

1 Reading for Gist

Answer these questions in a few words.

  1. What is this article mainly about?
  2. The article is divided into three stages. What are they?
  3. What is Leila's role in the article?
2 Reading for Detail

Write short answers based on the text.

  1. What should you research before an interview, according to the article?
  2. Why shouldn't you memorise a complete script?
  3. What is one thing you should do at the end of the interview?
  4. How many times should you follow up if you don't hear back?  a) Once, by phone. b) As many times as needed. c) No more than twice. 
  5. What two mistakes does Leila say she made?
3 True, False, or Not Given

Write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given).

  1. You should check the interview location the day before.
  2. Making negative comments about a previous employer is acceptable if they treated you badly.
  3. Leila got the job she interviewed for.
  4. You ought to send a thank-you email after the interview.
  5. The article recommends practising your answers with a friend before the interview.
4 Vocabulary in Context

Answer these questions about words from the article.

  1. The article says arriving late is 'hard to recover from'. What does 'recover' mean here?  a) To get better after an illness. b) To return to a good position after something goes wrong. c) To find something you have lost. 
  2. What does it mean to 'reflect on' the interview after it finishes?
  3. Find a word in paragraph 2 that means 'to learn something so you can remember it exactly'. 
  4. Leila says she 'lost focus'. What does this expression mean here? Write your own explanation.
5 Grammar in Context

Complete these activities about modals of advice.

  1. Find examples in the text and write them below: (a) two 'should' sentences, (b) one 'ought to' sentence, (c) one 'had better' sentence, (d) one 'should have' or 'shouldn't have' sentence (past regret).
    a) should (x2):  b) ought to:  c) had better:  d) should have / shouldn't have (past regret): 
  2. What does 'should have + past participle' express? How is it different from 'should + infinitive'?
  3. Which sentence gives the strongest advice or warning?  a) You should check the location. b) You ought to check the location. c) You had better check the location. 
  4. Rewrite these ideas using the correct form. (a) 'Leila didn't prepare enough examples — it was a mistake.' → 'Leila ___ prepared more examples.' (b) 'She talked too much — it was wrong.' → 'She ___ talked so much.'
  5. Write three pieces of interview advice using 'should', 'ought to', and 'had better'. Then write one 'should have / shouldn't have' sentence about a past mistake you made (at work, school, or in a test).
Personal Response — Discuss with a partner

Discuss with a partner. Share one idea with the class.

  1. What is the best piece of interview advice in the article? Do you agree with it?
  2. Think of a time you prepared well for something important. What did you do? Did it help?
  3. Leila says 'I should have prepared more.' Is there something in your own life you feel you should have done differently?

Answer Key

Getting the Job — B1 — Modals of Advice: should, ought to, had better (and should have)

Exercise 1 — Reading for Gist

  1. How to prepare for and perform well in a job interview.
  2. Before the interview, during the interview, and after the interview.
  3. She is a real person who reflects on a past interview that did not go well, expressing regret.

Exercise 2 — Reading for Detail

  1. The company — not just the website, but recent news and projects.
  2. The article implies it sounds unnatural — you should know your CV well enough to talk about it naturally instead.
  3. Ask at least one thoughtful question.
  4. c)
  5. She didn't prepare enough examples of problem-solving skills, and she talked too much in her first answer.

Exercise 3 — True, False, or Not Given

  1. T — The text says 'You had better check the location the day before.'
  2. F — The text says 'you should never make negative comments about a previous employer.'
  3. F — She says 'I should have prepared more' and 'Next time, I'll do it differently' — implying she did not get the job.
  4. T — The text states 'you should send a short thank-you email within 24 hours.'
  5. NG — The article discusses preparation but does not mention practising with a friend.

Exercise 4 — Vocabulary in Context

  1. b)
  2. To think carefully and seriously about what happened — what went well and what you would do differently.
  3. memorise
  4. She stopped concentrating on what she wanted to say and went off topic — her answer became unclear or too long.

Exercise 5 — Grammar in Context

  1. (a) Any two: 'You should prepare examples.' / 'You should maintain eye contact.' / 'You should send a thank-you email.' (b) 'You ought to research the company thoroughly.' / 'You ought to listen carefully.' / 'You ought to reflect on the experience.' (c) 'You had better check the location.' / 'You had better turn your phone off.' / 'You had better not contact them more than twice.' (d) 'I should have prepared more examples.' / 'I shouldn't have talked so much.'
  2. 'Should have + past participle' expresses regret about a past action — something that didn't happen but would have been the right thing to do. 'Should + infinitive' gives advice about the present or future.
  3. c)
  4. (a) should have. (b) shouldn't have.
  5. Answers will vary. Check: should/ought to/had better + base infinitive for present/future advice; should have / shouldn't have + past parti

Notice the Grammar — suggested answers

Accept any five correct examples from the article that use the target grammar. Students should be able to explain why the grammar is used in each case.

Personal Response

Answers will vary. This section is for spoken discussion or short written response. There are no single correct answers.